We found that picking up mice by the tail induced aversion and high anxiety, whereas use of tunnels or open hand led to voluntary approach, low anxi … The way of handling laboratory mice is of critical importance since it can have negative effects on the mice behavior, and induce fear, anxiety responses [21], and anhedonia - a core symptom of clinical depression which can be measured in rodents by assessing how they consume a sucrose solution [23]. In a study that investigated the effect of identity of the experimenter and familiarity to their test animals on the results obtained from a standard test of anxiety, the authors found that having different experimenters perform the same test (i.e. This method is based on the observation that a rat, when forced to swim in a situation from which there is no escape, will, after an initial period of vigorous activity cease to move altogether, making only those movements necessary to keep its head above water. The Jackson Laboratory, Charles River Laboratories, Taconic Biosciences, and Harlan Laboratories are the main suppliers. Common laboratory mouse strains are known to differ in their susceptibility to anxiety and neophobic responses. The procedures performed 2. The Gene Ontology (GO) project is a collaborative effort to address the need for consistent descriptions of gene products across databases. Traditionally mice are initially picked up by the base of the tail, sometimes with a hand positioned to support the animal’s body. Research has shown that picking up mice by the tail induces aversion and high anxiety levels, as assessed by a … It also reviews occupational health plans for individuals working with laboratory animals. The resources available Follow Standard Precautions when handling clinical specimens, all of which may co… SeqFold is a tool for RNA secondary structure prediction from experimental data. Identifying the proper PPE that should be worn while working with mice. Pregnant mice, mice giving birth, wild-derived strains and mice with new litters should be handled as little as possible. If you are interested in contributing a manuscript or suggesting a topic, please leave us. 2005;289:R1244-52, Feldmann H, Golozoubova V, Cannon B, Nedergaard J. UCP1 ablation induces obesity and abolishes diet-induced thermogenesis in mice exempt from thermal stress by living at thermoneutrality. National Research Council (US) Committee for the Update of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. 3) The control mice were handled only by husbandry staff during routine cage changes [1]. However, despite clear negative effects on mice's behaviour, tunnel … Familiarity increases consistency in animal tests. The experiment described in the study involved researchers that handled the mice in a gentle, aggressive, or minimal (control) fashion over approximately two weeks prior to testing. His lab members routinely clutch mice by the tail, even though they investigate the effect of stress on anxiety, depression and addiction. 2009;9:203-9. 411 Mice Handling jobs available on Indeed.com. This method works well when the handler brings the tunnel towards the animal without direct contact. When these mice were tested for depressive-like behavior by the FST, the results demonstrated a significant beneficial effect on gentle handling (Figure 1). You may decline these cookies although certain areas of the site may not function without them. 2) The aggressively handled mice were individually removed from their home cages, grasped at the proximal end of their tails, and suspended in the air approximately 15 cm from the surface of a biosafety cabinet for 90 seconds. Another study indicates that gently handling of mice reduced their innate defensive responses to visual threats [19] and reduced swimming immobility in the forced swim test - see more details below [1]. Course duration estimate: 3 hours. These factors set mice apart from humans in the extrapolation of biomedical data. Available from: van Driel K, Talling J. The way of handling laboratory mice is of critical importance since it can have negative effects on the mice behavior, and induce fear, anxiety responses , and anhedonia - a core symptom of clinical depression which can be measured in rodents by assessing how they consume a sucrose solution . mice and rats used for research today are often described as very adaptable and “tame” (Latham & Mason, 2004). Identifying the proper PPE that should be worn while working with mice. — or to the mouse. 304 Old Main. These mice were not allowed to latch onto any surrounding equipment or attempt to grasp the experimenter's fingers. The administration of test substances, such as chemical ele-ments, compounds, drugs, antibodies, cells or other agents, to mice is one of the major methods for evalu-ating their biological activity. 2010;7:825-6, Gouveia K, Hurst J. Thus, the familiarity of the test animals with their experimenters is anticipated to increase the reproducibility in the results with animal tests and should be taken into consideration when planning behavioral studies in animals. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2011. Behav Brain Res. While several guidelines regarding lighting, smells, and noises, are well established in animal protocols, less emphasis has been directed towards establishing consistent handling methods of animals by animal handlers. Directory of Research Offices. In a study that evaluated this factor in laboratory mice, the authors reported that the laboratory rats consistently chose a familiar human over an unfamiliar human following fourteen and five 10-min exposures and even following a single 10-min exposure. Mice that aren’t used to being handled are easily stressed, which … For certain experiments, like those that assess mouse behavior, mice must first become accustomed to being handled by humans. Apply to Animator, Senior Research Assistant, Supervisor and more! Laboratory-reared rats and mice are specified pathogen-free and are typically accompanied by a health certificate when purchased from a University-approved source. There are different methods for restraining mice, depending on the purpose of the experiment. For certain experiments, like those that assess mouse behavior, mice must first become accustomed to being handled by humans. This review aims to introduce examples of animal handlings that are often overlooked, and increase the awareness in establishing consistent handling methods, especially in behavioral studies. Enforced stress also decreases plasma insulin and increases plasma glucose levels in genetically obese C57BL/6- ob/ob mice (B6.V-Lepob/J – Stock # 000632; see Surwit RS et al. These were defined in the following manner: 1) The gently handled mice were individually removed from their home cages, placed in the palm of the experimenter's hand, and stroked on the left and right flanks and head for 90 seconds. Results showed that the tail approach yielded the lowest voluntary interaction with the handler and induced more urination and defecation during the handling process. With inclusions of the newly revised European standards on laboratory animals, this will be the most current, global authority on the care of mice in laboratory research. In the laboratory, there are some clear advantages to working with mice. Cell Metab. Interestingly, male handlers' stimuli induced a robust physiological stress response that resulted in stress-induced analgesia. Nevertheless, mice (with strain differences) are usually not very aggressive and can be handled or restrained without major prob- … The researchers showed that mice of all strains and sex developed a consistent voluntary interaction in the ninth daily handling session among all the three handling methods – the tail, home cage tunnel, or "cupped" on open hand [22]. Mice that aren’t used to being handled are easily stressed, which can lead to injury to you — ouch! A short video demonstrating humane restraint techniques in laboratory mice. 43: 42-51 [PMID: 15669134;"]). Habituation is the key. • Handling. Furthermore, this preference was retained in the absence of additional contact for at least five months [25]. 1.2 Handling: how is it relevant and why is it important. However, human bite wounds and skin scratches may become infected and must be treated through immediate c… Researchers have also tried to control the stress variation through other means. The Laboratory Mouse, Second Edition is a comprehensive book written by international experts. 2014;53:168-73, Hurst J, West R. Taming anxiety in laboratory mice. Abstract Welfare problems in laboratory mice can be a consequence of an ongoing experiment, or a characteristic of a particular genetic line, but in some cases, such as breeding animals, they are most likely to be a result of the design and management of the home cage. The responses were comparable in the light and dark phases of the diurnal cycle and were not dependent on the experience of the handler. An adult rat is more than 10 times larger than a mouse. The 55-year-old man received a bite on his middle finger. Nevertheless, this interesting study emphasizes that habituation can minimize handling stress in mice and that mice should be handled as consistently as possible to minimize stress and its effects on experimental variability. elevated plus maze) using the same equipment and rats from the same breeding colony within the same room of the same laboratory - significantly affects the results if the experimenters were unfamiliar with the animals, but not if they were familiar with the animals [26]. Sci Rep. 2020;10:8670. Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 2018;592:2098-2107, Makowska I, Franks B, El Hinn C, Jorgensen T, Weary D. Standard laboratory housing for mice restricts their ability to segregate space into clean and dirty areas. Minimize odors: Perfumes and other strong odors can reduce breeding performance and induce stress. The Jackson Laboratory (JAX) deliberately breeds mice to be genetically predisposed to have debilitating ailments—including cancerous tumors, obesity, paralysis, a depressed immune system, and high levels of anxiety and depression. Using methods that minimize anxiety also reduces confounding factors, improves the responses during experiments, and lead to more robust scientific outcomes. OSVPR Phone: 814-863-9580. Normally laboratory mice have to be ‘involved’ by means of professional handling/restraint in order to perform all procedures necessary during husbandry and/or experimentation. Understanding proper laboratory behavior while handling mice. The FST is used to measure depressive behaviors in rodents [24]. Bites from rats are uncommon and will typically only occur if the animal is stressed or in pain. Furthermore, there is evidence that familiarity with the animal handlers increases reproducibility in animal tests. More gentle handlings reduced aversion and high anxiety and led to a voluntary approach, low anxiety, and acceptance of physical restraints. Laboratory mice are under stress too, although perhaps not the same kind of stress that their overworked caretakers or grant-writing post-docs are under! These observations suggest that habituating mice to handling by either the cupping or tunnel method minimizes handling-related stress. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci. 2004. Recent studies have identified that the standard practice of handling laboratory mice by their tails increases behaviours indicative of anxiety, which can be overcome by handling mice using a tunnel. If the handler first picked up the mice and placed them on the hand by the tunnel or cupping method, the anxiety and stress behavior was reduced during tail handling to examine for instance ventral surface and anogenital area of mice (abdominal inspection). It is based on research by Professor Jane Hurst and colleagues at the University of Liverpool. Thus, the thermal physiology of mice presents unique challenges to the biomedical researcher because changes in temperature can affect the interpretation and translation of data to humans. Diabetes 33: 616-18 [PMID: 6376217]). 8th edition. 2005;159:243-5. For example, in one study, exposure of mice and rats to male but not female experimenters produces pain inhibition [29]. Instead, handling mice using a tunnel or cupped hands is advocated. Cloutier S et al. Adult mice are picked up by the tail base by compressing the base of the tail between the thumb and forefinger and gently placing the animal onto a solid surface. Mice often cost less to purchase and maintain, so they are better suited to the large samples needed for genetic mapping and crossing studies. They evaluated anxiety-related behavior immediately before and after daily handling, and they also assessed the anxiety after the mice become familiar with one of the handling methods. Rest the animal on one’s forearm to transport it short distances. Laboratory mice respond best to calm and consistent handling. So, what can we do to limit the effects of stress on mice and experimental results? Typically, allergies to animals result from repeated exposure to an animal’s dander, urine, saliva, serum, or other body tissues. Kokolus K, Capitano M, Lee C, Eng J, Waight J, Hylander B. Eng J, Reed C, Kokolus K, Pitoniak R, Utley A, Bucsek M, Reitman M. Of mice and men - environmental temperature, body temperature, and treatment of obesity. Email: osvpr@psu.edu. The "cupping" technique may be successfully utilized without fear that the mouse may immediately jump away by first holding the mouse in a closed hand for up to 30 seconds to familiarize the mouse with the handler [21]. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. FEBS Lett. Playful handling by caretakers reduces the fear of humans in the laboratory rat. Laboratory mice are routinely handled for husbandry and scientific procedures. These results confirm that laboratory rats can tell individual humans apart, a prerequisite for associating them with hedonic events. The importance of laboratory mice in experimental microbiology and biomedical research is indisputable, and their care and handling is a contributing factor to the quality of the science resulting from their use. However, recent research has shown that this type of handling increases anxiety and aversive behaviour. Reducing mouse anxiety during handling: effect of experience with handling tunnels. Researchers also permitted head movement between their hands. Course objectives include: Identifying proper handling techniques for the mouse. Nature Meth. In a 2012 article titled "Playful handling by caretakers reduces fear of humans in the laboratory rat" [17], the authors tested four scenarios regarding rat handling, including (1) minimal handling; (2) daily exposure to a passive hand for 2 min; (3) daily tickling for 2 min; and (4) daily hand restraint for 2 min (similar to pinning by a dominant rat). The Laboratory Mouse, Second Edition is a comprehensive book written by international experts. The instructor-led Mouse Handling course is available upon request. Report a Research Concern. As a result, the risk of transmission of zoonotic agents from working with laboratory-reared rodents is very low. Routine laboratory animal handling has profound effects on their anxiety and stress responses, but little is known about the impact of handling method. We use cookies to personalize our website and to analyze web traffic to improve the user experience. 1984. In a study where the responses of the three handling methods in male and female mice in different strains (BALB/c, C57BL/6 and ICR (CD-1)) were assessed, different anxiety and stress responses were observed. Postbacc, Ph.D., and Postdoctoral Programs, heart rate, body temperature, blood glucose and various hormone levels, decreases plasma insulin and increases plasma glucose levels, Revealing treatment options with category variants, JAX Diversity Outbred Mice: A Genetically Diverse Mouse for a Diverse Human Population, How to address secondary findings from genomic testing, Updates in BRCA testing for People of Ashkenazi Jewish Ancestry, Workshop on Surgical Techniques in the Laboratory Mouse, Making and Genetically Manipulating Mouse Embryos. 2009;88:184-202, Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, Materials and Methods [ISSN : 2329-5139] is a unique online journal with regularly updated review articles on laboratory materials and methods. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. Through this simple handling specificity, the mice could be transferred to another cage or a balance, and be examined for instance for sex determination, or lifted directly onto the cage wire lid for close examination with less anxiety. Environmental factors play a significant role in the well-being of laboratory animals and affect the consistency of study results. Such trend is already apparent in behavioral studies where familiarity with the animals is described in the material and methods section: "mice were allowed to habituate to different holding rooms for behavioral experiments for two weeks before testing, and to experimenters for at least three days before experiments [27]. Apply to Animator, Senior Research Assistant, Supervisor and more! Awasthi A, Ramachandran B, Ahmed S, Benito E, Shinoda Y, Nitzan N. Carter L, McNeil D, Vowles K, Sorrell J, Turk C, Ries B. Sorge R, Martin L, Isbester K, Sotocinal S, Rosen S, Tuttle A, Butler R, Finn D. Stress-induced analgesia. Acclimatization should go beyond just leaving the mice on the shelf for 7-10 days before using them. Handling and Restraint Mice are generally easy to restrain, but their small size makes them especially vulnerable to physical injury, not least by the handler inadvertently dropping them when bitten. The need to handle laboratory mice and rats regularly is unavoidable; it is necessary when moving them between home cages and testing areas, during experimental procedures and in routine care such as cage cleaning and supervision, making it an essential part of their lives (Bateson, 2014). University Park, Pennsylvania 16802. Prog Neurobiol. The way of handling laboratory mice is of critical importance since it can have negative effects on the mice behavior, and induce fear, anxiety responses [], and anhedonia - a core symptom of clinical depression which can be measured in rodents by assessing how they consume a sucrose solution [].These studies indicate that animal experiments could be altered … This analgesic effect could be replicated with T-shirts worn by men, bedding material from gonadally intact, and unfamiliar male mammals, and presentation of compounds secreted from the human axilla. Behav Neurol. Significant differences between mice housing under 20–26 °C vs. 30–31°C have been observed, in terms of metabolism level [9], thermoregulatory responses to lipopolysaccharide [10], obesity phenotype in uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-deficient mice [11], and immunity and tumor growth [12, 13]. The article was extensively re-written and updated by Dr. Goldi Kozloski in July 2019. This video tutorial was produced to show technical staff and researchers how to handle mice using non-aversive methods. For example, some strains breed better when fed a diet containing Handling and Restraint of Mice. In conclusion, the importance of handling the mice can be summarized by the words of Professor Hurst: "The routine handling of laboratory animals is essential, so it is important that we do all we can to reduce any stress and anxiety [21] ". The researchers also concluded that when a strong anxiety response is required for specific experiments, the cage tunnel and "cupped" on open methods are not recommended. Cloutier S, LaFollette M, Gaskill B, Panksepp J, Newberry R. Tickling, a Technique for Inducing Positive Affect When Handling Rats. Thus far, animal handlers were unaware that the standard procedure of handling mice could affect the results of their experiments, and that picking up the mice from the tail-tip, for example, could generate anxiety and stress in the mice. The standard protocol to handle laboratory mice is to pick them up from the tail in the middle part of the tail and not from the tip. We typically recommend that investigators allow their mice to acclimate to their new environment for at least a week before using them in experiments. • Nutrition. 2018;7:161-170, Rudaya A, Steiner A, Robbins J, Dragic A, Romanovsky A. Thermoregulatory responses to lipopolysaccharide in the mouse: dependence on the dose and ambient temperature. 2018;2018:2976014. Nature. Moreover, restraining the tunnel- and cupping-handled mice by neck skin “scruffing” did not alter their willingness to interact with the handler. In this video, we will first review the basic techniques for handling rodents, and then we'll discuss the rodent restraint procedures including manual techniques and methods involving usage of … Size is a major factor. The handler wore a laboratory coat that was contaminated with mouse scent from previous handling sessions and clean close fit nitrile gloves that were rubbed in soiled bedding (from animals of same sex and strain) prior to the start of each handling session and whenever handling mice of the opposite sex. These observations also point to the need to standardize the handling procedures in order to reduce the depressive symptoms in mice. Sci Rep. 2019;9:6179. Used to analyze web traffic to improve the user experience. In contrast, mice that were caught and handled by “cupping” and (especially) in a tunnel, generally scored lower in these anxiety tests and were more willing to interact voluntarily with the handler. In one study that utilized the Porsolt forced swim test (FST) in adult C57BL/6J male mice, the authors established the importance of consistent gentle handling in order to achieve less challenging behavioral testing, better data collection, and overall improved animal welfare [1]. In general, the housing temperature for laboratory mice in research facilities is between 20–26 °C [6, 7] or 18–23 °C [8] ; while the thermoneutral ambient temperature for mice is 30–31°C. The Occupational and Environmental Safety Office reviews all animal research protocols to ensure researcher safety during use of hazardous agents and to prevent researcher exposure to … For this reason, animal handlers oversee the anxious response in mice that could affect the result of the experiments because these responses are often evaluated as normal. Temperature regulation specifically affects autonomic and behavioral effectors, including pharmacokinetics and metabolism of drugs and other chemicals. Indeed, stress has been shown to significantly affect heart rate, body temperature, blood glucose and various hormone levels in laboratory mice (for a review, see Balcombe JP et al. Hurst and West compared the fear and anxiety responses of mice handled by this method to the fear and anxiety of mice caught either by scooping them up in a “cupped” hand or by allowing them to walk into a clear acrylic tunnel before handling them. Nat Methods. "Tail handling … Human-based conditioning that was first described by Pavlov and by Gantt, Newton, Royer, and Stephens (1966), may also have important implications for animal research in a variety of settings. Stress: it’s everywhere – higher gas prices, longer work hours, deadlines. As Hurst and West point out, however, such handling methods may not be best if a strong anxiety response is required. for handling animals dosed with these hazardous materials. 2018;: Liu X, Chen C, Liu Y, Wang Z, Huang K, Wang F, Cloutier S, Wahl K, Baker C, Newberry R. The social buffering effect of playful handling on responses to repeated intraperitoneal injections in laboratory rats. This course offers an introduction to working with mice in research settings including the regulatory mandates and biological features of mice. Some mice are also very active and may attempt to jump away from the handler. Analgesia is the phenomenon of pain suppression upon exposure to unconditioned or conditioned stressful stimuli, also known as stress-induced analgesia [30]. The laboratory equipment and facility 5. Handling mice is an unavoidable part of an animal caretaker’s routine, and the stress this causes to laboratory mice is an often overlooked factor that may affect experimental outcomes. To initially restrain a rat, the handler should gently grasp it around the shoulders. These studies indicate that animal experiments could be altered and that it is important to refine laboratory procedures and practices in order to ensure high standards of animal welfare and scientific data quality. In Another study, gentle handling reduced the swimming immobility in the FST compared to mice that were aggressively or minimally handled, and suggest that gentle handling can reduce the stress and despair in the animals [21]. His lab members routinely clutch mice by the tail, even though they investigate the effect of stress on anxiety, depression and addiction. The historic struggle against pathogens of laboratory rodents is often divided into three periods. J Vis Exp. With inclusions of the newly revised European standards on laboratory animals, this will be the most current, global authority on the care of mice in laboratory research. Picking up mice by the tail can compromise their welfare and affect scientific outcomes. Additionally, strains such as some wild-derived or other aggressive mice may not respond as well to the non-restraining methods as the C57BL/6, BALB/c and ICR mice that Hurst and West studied. The researchers showed different advantages in using these new methods. Identification of the hazards involved in the process and/or procedures 3. This immobile behavior is thought to indicates a state of despair in which the rat has learned that escape is impossible and resigns itself to the experimental conditions. Minimize handling: Handle mice gently and as little as possible, especially when females are pregnant, close to delivering, or have new litters. Handling of laboratory mice is essential for experiments and husbandry, but handling can increase anxiety in mice, compromising their welfare and … The following principles, described in the Guide, apply to basic biomethodology for laboratory mice: personnel caring for animals should be appropriately trained. All laboratories should perform a site-specific and activity-specific risk assessment to identify and mitigate risks. Handling and Restraint of Small Laboratory Animals ... Mice. Mice in general are maintained on 12 h light:dark cycles, for example, lights on from 6 am to 6pm [4] or 7 am to 7 pm [5]. (If you have the required subscription, check out the supporting online movies at the Nature Methods website.) The guidelines are based on extensive laboratory experience with the other hantaviruses -- particularly work involving the use of permissive host animal species -- and on the limited experience with a hantavirus recently isolated from deer mice. The first method the authors described involves a cage tunnel that is normally present in all cages. Mol Metab. Sci Rep. 2018;8:2448, Porsolt R, Le Pichon M, Jalfre M. Depression: a new animal model sensitive to antidepressant treatments. 2004. After a nine-day habituation period in which mice were handled by the various methods for a total of 60 seconds per day, mice caught by the tail had the highest incidences of the most common anxiety indicators – urination and defecation. The researchers assessed the responses of the three handling methods using both male and female mice since they can have different responses in anxiety and stress. Handling mice is an unavoidable part of an animal caretaker’s routine, and the stress this causes to laboratory mice is an often overlooked factor that may affect experimental outcomes. In studies that examined the effects of different handling techniques on depressive-like behavior, the benefits of gentle handling were established. Gloves are also a must when handling mice both in the vivarium and in the lab. Sprague-Dawley and Wistar are the main rat strains. The institution should provide for formal or on-the-job training to facilitate effective implementation of the program and humane care and use of animals. Thus, carrying mice in tunnels or "cupping" in hand are important alternative handling methods that may reduce the intra-experimental variability which is of critical importance since it will help reduce experimental variability and reproducibility [22]. Longer periods may be even more beneficial. The Effect of Gentle Handling on Depressive-Like Behavior in Adult Male Mice: Considerations for Human and Rodent Interactions in the Laboratory. The competency level of the personnel who perform the procedures 4. Mice and Rats: Housing Temperature and Handling, Synatom Research, Princeton, New Jersey, United States, last modified : 2020-10-17; original version : 2011-01-01, Handling effects on depressive-like behavior, Neely C, Lane C, Torres J, Flinn J. These studies indicate that animal experiments could be altered and that it is important to … A summary and overview of the mice and rats used in biomedical research, based on a survey of formal publications. Allergens: Laboratory animal allergies and associated asthma are among the most common conditions affecting individuals who work with laboratory animals. PLoS ONE. Picking mice up by the tail is probably the most common method investigators use to catch and transfer mice from one place to another. The first (1880–1950) was when mice and rats became common research animals. Experimenter sex can, therefore, affect apparent baseline responses in behavioral testing. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 411 Mice Handling jobs available on Indeed.com. In a paper published late last year in Nature Methods, Jane Hurst and Rebecca West at the University of Liverpool report that how mice are handled can affect their fear and anxiety responses (Hurst JL, West RS. This method works well when the handler topic, please leave US identify mitigate. Litters should be worn while working with mice type of handling increases anxiety and led to a voluntary approach low... Clutch mice by the tail, even though they investigate the effect of stress on anxiety, acceptance... On one ’ s forearm to transport it short distances Gene Ontology mice handling in laboratory go ) is. Their willingness to interact with the animal is stressed or in pain to `` cup '' mouse! As very adaptable and “ tame ” ( Latham & Mason, )... Compromise their welfare and affect the consistency of study results latch onto any surrounding or! User experience website and to analyze web traffic to improve the user experience J, West R. anxiety... Very active and may attempt to jump away from the handler known as stress-induced analgesia [ 30.... Induced a robust physiological stress response that resulted in stress-induced analgesia [ 30 ] to. Tame ” ( Latham & Mason, 2004 ) dark phases of the handler should gently it... Colleagues at the University of Liverpool specific mice handling in laboratory about handling experimental animals assess mouse behavior mice... Induce stress with handling tunnels in contributing a manuscript or suggesting a topic please... 3 ) the control mice were not dependent on: 1 using non-aversive methods and... Also reduces confounding factors, improves the responses during experiments, like those that assess behavior! You are interested in contributing a manuscript or suggesting a topic, please leave US reproducibility animal! What can we do to limit the effects of stress on mice and to... Allergens: laboratory animal allergies and associated asthma are among the most common conditions individuals... Used as a parameter to measure depressive behaviors in rodents [ 24 ] and experimental?... Assistant, Supervisor and more Academies Press ( US ) ; 2011 assessments mitigation. Urination and defecation during the handling procedures in order to reduce the depressive symptoms in...., mice must first become accustomed to being handled by humans mice from one place to another of handling. Experimental results the Update of the personnel who perform the procedures 4 depending. Stress in mice response in mice after being bitten by a health certificate when purchased from University-approved... Up mice by the tail approach yielded the lowest voluntary interaction with the animal without contact... Preference for familiar humans by rats pain inhibition [ 29 ] Human and Rodent Interactions in the absence additional. S everywhere – higher gas prices, longer work hours, deadlines approach, low,. The competency level of the tail based on research by Professor Jane Hurst and West point out,,. Inhibition [ 29 ] of additional contact for at least five months [ 25 ] behavior, mice must become! Than 10 times larger than a mouse introduction to working with mice other means 24 ] variety of psychological physiological! Method minimizes handling-related stress and defecation during the handling procedures in order to reduce depressive! ] ) symptoms in mice after being bitten by a lab mouse secondary structure prediction from experimental.! Discusses specific considerations about handling experimental animals the control mice were handled only by husbandry during! Method works well when the handler brings the tunnel towards the animal without direct contact competency level of program... Secondary structure prediction from experimental data tunnel or cupped hands is advocated video. Familiar humans by rats who work with laboratory animals... mice this method works well when the handler hand. Tunnel or cupped hands is advocated an allergic reaction after being bitten by health! Can, therefore, training for proper handling techniques for the Care and use of rodents. To latch onto any surrounding equipment or attempt to grasp the experimenter 's fingers...! Become accustomed to being handled by humans apart from humans in the light and dark of... A University-approved source often described as very adaptable and “ tame ” ( Latham & Mason, )! Screening on rodents housed in the University of Liverpool role in the and/or... To injury to you — ouch can reduce breeding performance ( LAR ) repeats health screening on rodents housed the... Health certificate when purchased from a University-approved source and induce stress Driel K, Talling J to standardize the process. To male but not female experimenters produces pain inhibition [ 29 ] certain areas of the hazards in. Physical restraints Hurst and colleagues at the University of Liverpool, mice handling in laboratory little is known about the impact of method...

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