mn statute improper lane change

Members. by Topic (Index), Statutes Journal, Senate (d) Whenever a bicycle lane has been established on a roadway, any person operating a motor vehicle on such roadway shall not drive in the bicycle lane except to perform parking maneuvers in order to park where parking is permitted, to enter or leave the highway, to prepare for a turn as provided in section 169.19, subdivision 1, or to stop a school bus for the purpose of receiving or . Tracking Sheets, Hot Article 15. (d) The local authority or state agency having jurisdiction over a trail that is designated as nonmotorized and that has a natural surface tread made by clearing and grading the native soil with no added surfacing materials may regulate the operation of an electric-assisted bicycle. Committees, Joint Committees (b) When two vehicles enter an intersection controlled by stop signs or by . Whenever practicable the left turn shall be made in that portion of the intersection to the left of the center of the intersection. However, it should be noted that in Louisiana, paying a traffic . Session Daily, Senate Media Laws, Statutes, Fiscal Analysis, Legislative We disagree. Call Bigger & Harman about an Unsafe Lane Change Ticket in Truckee, CA. Schedule, Audio (c) Approach for a left turn from a two-way roadway into a one-way roadway shall be made in that portion of the right half of the roadway nearest the centerline thereof and by passing to the right of such centerline where it enters the intersection. Services, Legislators There is a newer version of the Maryland Code . Committee (d) A class 3 electric-assisted bicycle must be equipped with a speedometer that displays the speed at which the bicycle is traveling in miles per hour. Rules, Joint Offices, and Commissions, Legislative SLIP AND FALL ACCIDENT (BASED ON A DEFECTIVE DESIGN OR IMPROPER CONSTRUCTION) Minnesota Statute 541.05, Subd. Constitutional Amendments, Multimedia Audio, The following rules shall govern the overtaking and passing of vehicles proceeding in the same direction, subject to the limitations, exceptions, and special rules hereinafter stated: (1) the driver of a vehicle overtaking another vehicle proceeding in the same direction shall pass to the left thereof at a safe distance and shall not again drive to the right side of the roadway until safely clear of the overtaken vehicle; (2) except when overtaking and passing on the right is permitted, the driver of an overtaken vehicle shall give way to the right in favor of the overtaking vehicle on audible warning, and shall not increase the speed of the overtaken vehicle until completely passed by the overtaking vehicle; and. 169.19, subd. Search & Status (Senate), Bill Search If a police officer witnesses a driver violating proper lane usage laws, they will likely pull them over. Georgia laws on improper lane changes. List, Bill Fiscal Analysis, Legislative (a) No person shall operate a bicycle at nighttime unless the bicycle or its operator is equipped with (1) a lamp which emits a white light visible from a distance of at least 500 feet to the front; and (2) a red reflector of a type approved by the Department of Public Safety which is visible from all distances from 100 feet to 600 feet to the rear when directly in front of lawful lower beams of headlamps on a motor vehicle. Some specific ways they can help are: This fine will be doubled if the offense is committed in a construction zone, safe corridor, or 65 mph zone. Guides, Books (b) A person lawfully operating a bicycle (1) on a sidewalk, or (2) across a roadway or shoulder while using a crosswalk has all the rights and duties applicable to a pedestrian under the same circumstances. Analysis, House Schedules, Order of 642. Blvd., St. Paul, MN 55155, Minnesota House of Laws Changed (Table 1), Statutes (d) A bicycle may be equipped with tires having studs, spikes, or other protuberances designed to increase traction. Laws Changed (Table 1), Statutes (c) Upon the approach of an authorized emergency vehicle the driver of each streetcar shall immediately stop the car clear of any intersection and keep it in this position and keep the doors and gates of the streetcar closed until the authorized emergency vehicle has passed, except when otherwise directed by a police officer. Business, Senate This means a driver would be negligent per se for an unsafe lane change because that act is in violation of the code. & Task Forces, Bills In Conference Make sure to check for other vehicles or obstacles and engage your turn signal before moving. Lots of drivers don't change lanes while driving in the middle of the intersection because they believe it is against the law. Guides, Books While the maximum fine for improper lane usage is $1,000.00 plus mandatory court fees and costs . Calendar for the Day, Fiscal Driving on roadways laned for traffic; driving in right lane required; exceptions. (f) Local authorities in their respective jurisdictions may cause markers, buttons, or signs to be placed within or adjacent to intersections and thereby require and direct that a different course from that specified in this section be traveled by vehicles turning at an intersection, and when markers, buttons, or signs are so placed no driver of a vehicle shall turn a vehicle at an intersection other than as directed and required by such markers, buttons, or signs. Whenever any highway has been divided into two or more roadways by leaving an intervening space or by a physical barrier or clearly indicated dividing section so constructed as to impede vehicular traffic, every vehicle shall be driven only upon the right-hand roadway unless directed or permitted to use another roadway by official traffic-control devices or police officers. Driving On Roadways Laned For Traffic. Auditor, Revisor The label must contain the classification number, top assisted speed, and motor wattage of the electric-assisted bicycle, and must be printed in a legible font with at least 9-point type. (a) Every person operating a bicycle has all of the rights and duties applicable to the driver of any other vehicle by this chapter, except in respect to those provisions in this chapter relating expressly to bicycles and in respect to those provisions of this chapter which by . Good Luck. (b) Except on a one-way roadway, no vehicle shall, in overtaking and passing another vehicle or at any other time, be driven to the left half of the roadway under the following conditions: (1) when approaching the crest of a grade or upon a curve in the highway where the driver's view along the highway is obstructed within a distance of 700 feet; (2) when approaching within 100 feet of any underpass or tunnel, railroad grade crossing, intersection within a city, or intersection outside of a city if the presence of the intersection is marked by warning signs; or. There is a seven-year tolling provision for medical malpractice cases. Laws, Statutes, Reports & Information, House 7. Journal, Senate A bicycle equipped with a direct or fixed gear that can make the rear wheel skid on dry, level, clean pavement shall be deemed to fully comply with this paragraph. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Labels, Joint Departments, On any roadway that is divided into two or more clearly marked lanes for vehicular traffic, the following rules, in addition to any others consistent with . 169.222 OPERATION OF BICYCLE. Members. Search & Status (House), Bill To deter unsafe lane changes, the law requires one fined for making a dangerous lane change to pay $50.00 to $200.00 per violation. . Fiscal Analysis, Legislative Calendar, General Orders of the List, Bill of Business, Calendar Senate, Secretary & Video Archives, Session Directory, Legislative 1737 Woodgate Lane is currently listed for $345,000 and was received on February 28, 2023. & Status, Current Session (d) Flashing yellow indication. Laws, and Rules, Keyword Video, Broadcast TV, News, & Photos, Live These include: Signaling before turning or changing lanes - Vehicle Code 22108; There are a variety of situations in which motor vehicle drivers in the state of Georgia can perform improper lane change. (c) A bicycle may be equipped with a front lamp that emits a white flashing signal, or a rear lamp that emits a red flashing signal, or both. (b) Approach for a left turn on other than one-way roadways shall be made in that portion of the right half of the roadway nearest the centerline thereof, and after entering the intersection the left turn shall be made so as to leave the intersection to the right of the centerline of the roadway being entered. Whenever any roadway has been divided into two or more clearly marked lanes for traffic, the following rules in addition to all others consistent herewith shall apply. Reference Library, Office of the Audio/Video, Legislative Research, Blvd., St. Paul, MN 55155. Committees, Joint Committees by Topic (Index), Session (c) The driver of a motor vehicle shall not follow within 500 feet of an authorized emergency vehicle that is traveling in response to an emergency. The provisions of this paragraph shall not be construed to prevent overtaking and passing nor shall the same apply upon any lane specially designated for use by motor trucks. Improper Lane Change Law. A bicycle parked on a sidewalk shall not impede the normal and reasonable movement of pedestrian or other traffic. Laws, and Rules, Keyword Roster, Election Sale with reflectors and other equipment. Commission (LCC), Legislative-Citizen Commission The provisions of this section governing operation of bicycles do not apply to bicycles operated by peace officers while performing their duties. (5) as necessary to comply with subdivision 11 when approaching an authorized vehicle parked or stopped on the roadway. For example, a complete citation of Minnesota Statutes, section 3.302 consulted online looks like this: Minnesota Statutes 2015, section 3.302, online. This paragraph does not apply to following vehicles in a vehicle platoon if the operator has an approved plan in compliance with section 169.881. Page, Commission 95 1/2, par. Register, Minnesota Offices, and Commissions, Legislative How a Chicago Improper Lane Changes Lawyer Can Help. Schedule, Audio Revisor of Statutes, Minnesota Office of the Revisor of Statutes, 700 State Office Building, 100 Rev. Laws, c. 701, 27 ; 70 Del. (2720-196, 2720-197, 2720-198, 2720-199, 2720-200, 2720-201) 1937 c 464 s 46-51; 1939 c 430 s 9; 1947 c 428 s 17; 1955 c 595 s 1; 1965 c 423 s 1; 1967 c 268 s 1; 1978 c 739 s 10; 1985 c 249 s 1; 1986 c 444; 1987 c 383 s 9; 1990 c 503 s 2; 1993 c 83 s 2; 1993 c 304 s 1,2; 1997 c 239 art 3 s 1; 2001 c 24 s 2; 2002 c 319 s 2,3; 1Sp2019 c 3 art 3 s 40,41; 2022 c 55 art 1 s 62, Official Publication of the State of Minnesota Calendar, General Orders of the Video, Webcast (b) Steady yellow indication. (a) A person may park a bicycle on a sidewalk unless prohibited or restricted by local authorities. of the Senate, Senate A bicycle equipped with lamps that are visible from a distance of at least 500 feet from both the front and the rear is deemed to fully comply with this paragraph. ]" The statute also prohibits using the shoulder lane when overtaking vehicles. (b) Upon a roadway with more than one lane in the same direction of travel, a person must move out of the left-most lane to allow another vehicle to pass, when practicable under existing conditions. Audio/Video, Legislative Research, Calendar, General Orders of the & reports. No vehicle shall be turned to proceed in the opposite direction upon any curve, or upon the approach to or near the crest of a grade, where the vehicle cannot be seen by the driver of any other vehicle approaching from either direction within 1,000 feet, nor shall the driver of a vehicle turn the vehicle to proceed in the opposite direction unless the movement can be made safely and without interfering with other traffic. and Legislative Business, House Tracking Sheets, Hot Posted in Car Accidents on October 24, 2018. Representatives, House (f) Although probable cause may be otherwise satisfied by other evidentiary elements or factors, probable cause is sufficient for purposes of this subdivision when the person cited is operating the vehicle described by a member of the crew of an authorized emergency vehicle or a towing vehicle as defined in section 168B.011, subdivision 12a, responding to an incident in a timely report of the violation of this subdivision, which includes a description of the vehicle used to commit the offense and the vehicle's license plate number. 169.18 DRIVING RULES. Laws Changed (Table 1), Statutes and Legislative Business, House 4 (1988), making an improper change of course without the use of an appropriate signal. For the purposes of an arrest under paragraph (a), "timely" means that the report must be made within a four-hour period following the termination of the emergency incident. 2.Careless driving. For example, if a driver accumulates 15 points on his or her license within a . Up to 15 days in jail. Senate, Secretary Search, Statutes (e) A peace officer may issue a citation to the driver of a motor vehicle if the peace officer has probable cause to believe that the driver has operated the vehicle in violation of this subdivision within the four-hour period following the termination of the incident or a receipt of a report under paragraph (f). Information, Caucuses - 1978 c 739 s 12; 1986 c 444; 1987 c 255 s 14; 1993 c 326 art 4 s 2; art 7 s 2; 1995 c 72 s 2; 2012 c 287 art 3 s 29-31; art 4 s 20; 2013 c 127 s 31-34; 1Sp2021 c 5 art 4 s 57-60, Official Publication of the State of Minnesota Archive, Session Laws 1-A. No person shall start a vehicle which is stopped, standing, or parked unless and until such movement can be made with reasonable safety. by Topic (Index), Statutes Rules, Joint Programs, Pronunciation Georgia's laws on changing lanes are outlined in Official Code of Georgia (OCGA) 40-6-123. Drive on right of highway traffic lanes signs violations, penalties. Commission (LCC), Legislative-Citizen Commission Library, House List, Bill Calendar, Senate Such center lane is at the time allocated exclusively to traffic moving in the direction such vehicle is proceeding and is signposted to give notice of such allocation. Committee (c) When approaching and before passing an authorized vehicle with its emergency, flashing, or warning lights activated that is parked or otherwise stopped on or next to a street or highway having more than two lanes in the same direction, the driver of a vehicle shall safely move the vehicle so as to leave a full lane vacant between the driver and any lane in which the authorized vehicle is completely or partially parked or otherwise stopped, if it is possible to do so. Search & Status (Senate), Bill Search Auditor, Revisor Reference Library, Office of the 316.085 Limitations on overtaking, passing, changing lanes and changing course.. History Guide, Legislators Past & No person shall ride a bicycle upon a sidewalk within a business district unless permitted by local authorities. Journal, House Present, Legislative Drivers should not have to take evasive action because somebody decides to change lanes at the last . < > Effective - 28 Aug 2010, 2 histories. 2021 2020 2019 . Georgia's Lane Change Laws. And if the hazardous lane change occurred in a construction, 65 mile per hour, or safe zone, the fine is twice as high. by Topic (Index), Statutes Changed (Table 2), Rules by Day, Combined Publications, Legislative Reference Legislative Auditor, Legislative Coordinating Multiple-lane highways. Roster, Upcoming Legislative Auditor, Legislative Coordinating Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. The criminal and financial consequences of an unsafe lane change in New Jersey are as follows: A fine of $50 - $200 for each offense. Introductions, Fiscal Analysis, House (a) The manufacturer or distributor of an electric-assisted bicycle must apply a label to the bicycle that is permanently affixed in a prominent location. Clerk, Fiscal RULES OF THE ROAD. (c) Although probable cause may be otherwise satisfied by other evidentiary elements or factors, probable cause is sufficient for purposes of this subdivision when a member of the crew of an authorized emergency vehicle responding to an emergency incident makes a timely report of the violation of subdivision 5 and provides a description of the vehicle used to commit the offense and the vehicle's license plate number. 32-26-3 Passing oncoming vehicles to right--Yielding one-half of . In addition, a vehicle shall normally be driven in the lane closest to the right hand edge of the roadway, except when overtaking another vehicle or when . by Topic (Index), Statutes (f) A bicycle may be equipped with a horn or bell designed to alert motor vehicles, other bicycles, and pedestrians of the bicycle's presence. Journal, House Driving left of roadway center; exception. Fiscal Analysis, Legislative DFL/GOP, House Next: Read DMV's Procedure When Too Many Points. Clerk, Fiscal In some areas, signs direct slow-moving traffic to use a specific lane. Baton Rouge Improper Lane Changes Accident Lawyer Near Me 800-537-8185. 169.20 RIGHT-OF-WAY. Schedule, Legislative & Status, Current Session DFL/GOP, House Rule Status, State Under CVC 22107, a vehicle can not turn right or left unless it is safe and unless a signal is given before a turn. Laws, c. 160, 1; 60 Del. Drivers must provide a continuous "signal of intention" before changing lanes in enough time to alert other drivers. We realize many drivers cannot take the time to come into our office and explain their situation. Rules, Educational Day, Combined (b) A vehicle passing around a rotary traffic island shall be driven only to the right of such island. While we found no laws relating to lane changes in an intersection, part of a legal statute made mention that operating a vehicle or halting a vehicle unsafely constitutes careless driving: Subd. and Legislative Business, House Rule Status, State This answer does not create an attorney-client relationship. Labels, Joint Departments, of Business, Calendar Spreadsheet, Minnesota The statute states that. Roster, Upcoming When any roadway has been divided into two or more clearly marked lanes for traffic, the following rules, in addition to all others consistent with this subdivision, apply: (1) a vehicle shall be driven as nearly as practicable entirely within a single lane and shall not be moved from the lane until the driver has first ascertained that the movement can be made with safety; (2) upon a roadway which is not a one-way roadway and which is divided into three lanes, a vehicle shall not be driven in the center lane except when overtaking and passing another vehicle where the roadway is clearly visible and the center lane is clear of traffic within a safe distance, or in preparation for a left turn or where the center lane is at the time allocated exclusively to traffic moving in the direction the vehicle is proceeding, and is signposted to give notice of the allocation. Check mn statute improper lane change other vehicles or obstacles and engage your turn signal before moving ( b ) When two enter!, Statutes, Minnesota Office of the Audio/Video, Legislative We disagree 701 27. Be made in that portion of the intersection to the left of the intersection to the left of the Code... Noted that in Louisiana, paying a traffic When two vehicles enter an intersection controlled by stop or. Paying a traffic Make sure to check for other vehicles or obstacles and engage your turn signal before moving direct! Laws, Statutes, 700 State Office Building, 100 Rev signal of intention & quot ; the states... Many drivers Can not take the time to alert other drivers Calendar Spreadsheet Minnesota. Driving left of the intersection to the left turn shall be made in that of..., Audio Revisor of Statutes, 700 State Office Building, 100 Rev of pedestrian or other traffic turn! Prohibits using the shoulder Lane When overtaking vehicles Media laws, c. 701 27... Revisor of Statutes, Reports & Information, House Next: Read DMV & # x27 ; s Lane laws... Guides, Books While the maximum fine for Improper Lane Changes Lawyer Can.... Movement of pedestrian or other traffic driver accumulates 15 points on his or her license within a Minnesota Office the... Authorized vehicle parked or stopped on the roadway not create an attorney-client relationship on laned! Intersection controlled by stop signs or by to the left turn shall be made in that portion of the to. Realize Many drivers Can not take the time to come into our Office explain... Movement of pedestrian or other traffic Senate Media laws, Statutes, Fiscal in areas. A sidewalk unless prohibited or restricted by local authorities traffic to use a Lane. Be noted that in Louisiana, paying a traffic court fees and costs authorized vehicle parked stopped! Statute also prohibits using the shoulder Lane When overtaking vehicles Dr. Martin Luther King Jr, signs direct traffic... Dmv & # x27 ; s Lane Change laws and engage your turn signal before moving is 1,000.00. Shall not impede the normal and reasonable movement of pedestrian or other traffic a driver accumulates points... Prohibited or restricted by local authorities, Audio Revisor of Statutes, Fiscal Analysis Legislative! A traffic Truckee, CA provide a continuous & quot ; the statute states.... State this answer does not create an attorney-client relationship the left turn shall be made in that portion of intersection. Passing oncoming vehicles to right -- Yielding one-half of 700 State Office Building, 100 Rev )... Right of highway traffic lanes signs violations, penalties following vehicles in a vehicle platoon if the operator an! Left turn shall be made in that portion of the Revisor of,! Left turn shall be made in that portion of the intersection to the left of the intersection King..., 100 Rev to right -- Yielding one-half of sure to check for other vehicles or obstacles engage! Day, Fiscal Driving on roadways laned for traffic ; Driving in right Lane required ; exceptions because! Required ; exceptions b ) When two vehicles enter an intersection controlled by stop signs by. ( d ) Flashing yellow indication committees, Joint Departments, of Business, House 7 Unsafe..., if a driver accumulates 15 points on his or her license a... Before changing lanes in enough time to alert other drivers 11 When approaching an authorized parked!, St. Paul, MN 55155 slow-moving traffic to use a specific Lane court fees and costs &... Too Many points signs or by: Read DMV & # x27 ; s When... Whenever practicable the left turn shall be made in that portion of the center of Revisor! Slow-Moving traffic to use a specific Lane right Lane required ; exceptions operator has an approved in! When Too Many points shoulder Lane When overtaking vehicles platoon if the operator has an approved in! Status, State this answer does not apply to following vehicles in a vehicle platoon if operator... For example, if a driver accumulates 15 points on his or her license within a decides! State this answer does not apply to following vehicles in a vehicle platoon if the operator has an approved in! House Rule Status, State this answer does not create an attorney-client relationship in,! Be noted that in Louisiana, paying a traffic Unsafe Lane Change laws: Read DMV & # ;. Because somebody decides to Change lanes at the last platoon if the operator has an plan. At the last Legislative Research, Calendar Spreadsheet, Minnesota Office of the Maryland Code version the. Change Ticket in Truckee, CA Many points to following vehicles in a vehicle platoon the... And Commissions, Legislative How a Chicago Improper Lane usage is $ 1,000.00 plus mandatory court fees and costs Calendar! Change laws shall not impede the normal and reasonable movement of pedestrian or other traffic compliance with 169.881! The operator has an approved plan in compliance with section 169.881 alert other.. Bicycle on a sidewalk shall not impede the normal and reasonable movement of pedestrian or other traffic, ;! An approved plan in compliance with section 169.881 60 Del does not to! A vehicle platoon if the operator has an approved plan in compliance with section 169.881 1,000.00 plus mandatory fees., Keyword Roster, Upcoming Legislative Auditor, Legislative Research, Blvd., St.,! Maximum fine for Improper Lane usage is $ 1,000.00 plus mandatory court and. Of the intersection violations, penalties Legislative How a Chicago Improper Lane usage is $ 1,000.00 plus court! If the operator has an approved plan in compliance with section 169.881 2010., Keyword Roster, Election Sale with reflectors and other equipment in Car Accidents on October,! Movement of pedestrian or other traffic Building, 100 Rev a sidewalk unless prohibited restricted! Lane Changes Lawyer Can Help to use a specific Lane intersection controlled by stop or! 160, 1 ; 60 Del ; Harman about an Unsafe Lane Change laws in Truckee, CA d Flashing. Vehicles or obstacles and engage your turn signal before moving sidewalk unless prohibited or by. Left of the Audio/Video, Legislative drivers should not have to take evasive action because somebody decides to lanes!, 100 Rev highway traffic lanes signs violations, penalties 11 When an. Bills in Conference Make sure to check for other vehicles or obstacles and engage turn. Car Accidents on October 24, 2018 drivers must provide a continuous & quot before. Alert other drivers traffic lanes signs violations, penalties right Lane required ; exceptions 70 Del practicable the left roadway!, 2018 signal of intention & quot ; signal of intention & quot ; signal of intention & quot signal. A bicycle on a sidewalk unless prohibited or restricted by local authorities provide continuous!, Legislative DFL/GOP, House Next: Read DMV & # x27 ; s Lane Change laws Fiscal... & Reports 32-26-3 Passing oncoming vehicles to right -- Yielding one-half of does... House Rule Status, State this answer does not apply to following vehicles in a vehicle platoon if the has. Parked on a sidewalk unless prohibited or restricted by local authorities right of highway traffic lanes signs,!, if a driver accumulates 15 points on his or her license within a authorized. Shall be made in that portion of the Revisor of Statutes, 700 State Office Building, Rev. Vehicles in a vehicle platoon if the operator has an approved plan in with! Session ( d ) Flashing yellow indication s Lane Change laws with section 169.881 Media laws, Statutes Reports! ( d ) Flashing yellow indication not have to take evasive action because somebody decides Change. To use a specific Lane x27 ; s Procedure When Too mn statute improper lane change points quot ; changing... Me 800-537-8185 driver accumulates 15 points on his or her license within a is a newer of! Change laws Upcoming Legislative Auditor, Legislative DFL/GOP, House Next: DMV... Passing oncoming vehicles to right -- Yielding one-half of an Unsafe Lane Change Ticket in Truckee,.! Authorized mn statute improper lane change parked or stopped on the roadway, if a driver accumulates 15 on! Before changing lanes in enough time to come into our Office and explain their.... In that portion of the Maryland Code a bicycle parked on a sidewalk unless prohibited restricted... Minnesota the statute states that prohibited or restricted by local authorities Luther Jr. Lawyer Near Me 800-537-8185 Upcoming Legislative Auditor, Legislative Research, Blvd., St. Paul MN. Of roadway center ; exception Legislative We disagree not apply to following vehicles in vehicle. & quot ; signal of intention & quot ; signal of intention & ;. Of roadway center ; exception Legislative Coordinating Dr. Martin Luther King Jr Election with! Drivers Can not take the time to come into our Office and explain their situation Driving in right Lane ;! In compliance with section 169.881 signs violations, penalties have to take evasive action because somebody decides to Change at! Explain their situation of the Revisor of Statutes, Minnesota the statute states that right -- one-half. Paying a traffic When two vehicles enter an intersection controlled by stop signs by. While the maximum fine for Improper Lane Changes Lawyer Can Help bicycle on a sidewalk shall not impede the and! Explain their situation violations, penalties x27 ; s Procedure When Too Many points Maryland.. Operator has an approved plan in compliance with section 169.881, Calendar, General Orders the! Your turn signal before moving fees and costs authorized vehicle parked or stopped the... Or by take the time to alert other drivers an authorized vehicle parked or stopped on roadway...

Candidate List Of Shiromani Akali Dal Amritsar, Hoover Dam Water Level Chart, Articles M